In the PM Exam Formula Study Guide, we use the second approach, because when your sponsor tells you, that your project starts on the first day of September, then that is September 1 and not September 0. This is also the way that all modern scheduling tools seem to work. You schedule your project based on a calendar start date and not "on day 0".
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Of course, this often leads to confusion for students taking the Project Management Professional (PMP) ® exam and they ask which formula should we use on the exam? That is why there is a slight difference between the calculations (you have to add/subtract 1 from the results in the 2nd approach). We have discussed this with a number of PMP trainer colleagues and they agree that the Project Management Institute (PMI) ® does not "support" a specific method of calculating a network diagram. Neelesh Pandey, PMP (who is a PMP trainer) has told us the following about his teaching experience with these formulas: (Remember that next to the 2 options shown above you could also calculate a network path starting on a specific calendar date in hours instead of days, making calculations even more complex). I use a PowerPoint presentation with animations to prove that no matter what method you follow, the result is same. I choose a part of a network diagram with four sequential activities which sum up to a duration of 10. This path has a float of two based which we calculate LS and LF. My participants once assured that it doesn't make a difference tend to use the "zero" method. Somehow they find it simple as no subtraction is needed. PPT animation helps me a lot and also I ask my participants to calculate ES, LS, EF, LF for a simple network diagram using both the methods.Īs you see: Both of these calculations will lead you to the correct answer. The big difference for the exam, however, is that the first approach (starting on day 0) involves less calculation because you don't have to "+1" all the time. So in order to reduce your "risk" of doing a calculation wrong on the exam you may want to do it starting on day 0. However, in "real life" starting on day 1 is more appropriate. The conclusion is that PMI is aware of these varying methods and that you should not see a question on the exam where only the application of any particular method leads to the right answer.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer‐related death in the United States. CRC with locoregional lymph node spread has a 5‐year overall survival (OS) of 70% while spread to distant organs carries a significantly worse prognosis with a 5‐year OS of 12%. 1 Metastasis to the liver is the most frequent site of distant spread 2 while the peritoneal surface is the second most common site of metastasis, involving approximately 10% of patients with CRC at the time of initial presentation and the sole site of recurrence in up to 25% of patients with CRC. 3, 4 Peritoneal metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis with a survival ranging from 5 to 7 months with systemic chemotherapy alone.
5, 6 When compared with other sites of metastasis, PM is associated with a significantly shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) and OS. Molecular profiling has been used to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers and identify novel therapeutic targets for patients with metastatic CRC. 8 Approximately, 40% of CRC are characterized by mutations in the KRAS gene.
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